Joseph M. Price, MD - "Chlorine is the greatest crippler and killer of modern times. It is an insidious poison."
Albert Schatz, Ph.D -
"Fluoridation is the greatest fraud that has ever been perpetrated and it has been perpetrated on more
people than any other fraud has." Professor Albert Schatz, Ph.D. (Microbiology), Discoverer
of streptomycin and Nobel Prize Winner
Dental Fluorosis
Have you seen children and young
adults among your family and friends with those whitish spots or flecks on their teeth or, in more extreme cases, dark streaks
that look like decay? This is the effect of dental fluorosis, the first visible sign of overexposure to fluoride. In
some communities, the incidence of dental fluorosis is 30 to 60 percent or more. Fluoride ingestion
from mouth rinses and dentifrices in children is extremely hazardous to biological development, life span and general health.
Research from China has shown a correlation between exposure to low doses of fluoride and diminished IQ in children.
Research is beginning to show that the cavity-fighting power of fluoride may have been overstated. Recent studies in the Journal
of Dental Research conclude that tooth decay rates in Western Europe, which is 98 percent unfluoridated, have declined as
much as they have in the United States in recent decades. Indeed, it's only in the United States that fluoride is championed
by the government .Most European nations -- including Germany, France, Sweden and Holland -- prohibit
fluoride on public health grounds. Paul Anthony Taylor, on behalf of the Dr Rath Health Foundation - “It
is deeply irresponsible of governments to force all sectors of society to consume fluoride along with our single most required
form of sustenance – water, especially when the toxic dose overlaps the therapeutic dose meaning there is no safety
margin. The recent meeting of the Codex Committee on Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses in Chiang Mai, exemplified the irrational and inconsistent behaviour of regulators in relation to fluoride. On the basis of consensus
voting procedures, the same committee, in the same meeting, voted to prevent fluoride from being added to powdered formulas
during their manufacture, while allowing the same contaminant to be added to water used in the manufacture of ready-to-use
formulas.” Source
Dr. Mercola - "In 2005, eleven unions within the EPA publicly called for a ban of water fluoridation,
over concerns that it may cause bone cancer. And in 2006, the American Dental Association warned mothers about using fluoridated
water to mix their powdered baby formula. Now, finally, the U.S. Department of Agriculture is developing software to
try to assess just how much fluoride you’re ingesting, citing new findings that cumulative fluoride intake might lead
to painful skeletal fluorosis. Yet despite long-standing, ever-mounting evidence of fluoride's hazard to human health, the
CDC still clings to its outdated recommendation to add fluoride to drinking water in order to protect your oral health. Even
though it was a lie, right from the start.
90 percent of the fluoride added to your drinking water is hydrofluoric
acid -- a compound of fluorine that is a chemical byproduct of aluminum, steel, cement, phosphate, and nuclear weapons manufacturing.
Fluoride is also the active toxin in rat poisons and cockroach powder. It is nothing but a carcinogenic industrial waste product,
passed off on the public as a “nutrient” with necessary health benefits, to benefit the nuclear arms, aluminum,
and phosphate manufacturers financially, to the tune of about $ 10 billion per year. Aided, of course, by your federal health
agencies, controlled by political interest." source
CANCER ON TAP: THE RISKS OF CHLORINATED DRINKING WATER
The History of Water Chlorination: From Harmless to Poisonous
By the early 1920's, cities across
the United States were for the first time providing municipal water customers with safe drinking water. This historic achievement
was the result of water plant operators mixing in chlorine, a spectacularly powerful killing agent, which eliminated disease
causing bacteria, viruses, and other microbes. Today over 200 million people in the U.S. use chlorinated tap water.
As with many novel chemical innovations, however, what was once thought perfectly harmless has turned out to be poisonous.
Over the past 25 years, scientists have discovered that while chlorine is killing microbes, it is also reacting with organic
matter already in the water to form toxic chemicals called organochlorines. To date, several hundred known organochlorines
have been found in drinking water but many times that number are chemically unidentified.
Federal government
monitoring programs show that many U.S. cities, including this writer's hometown, Burlington, Vermont, have elevated levels
of organochlorines at the tap--concentrations substantially higher than most public water systems. This is especially disconcerting
because numerous of these organochlorines (also known as disinfection by-products) are known carcinogens and mutagens. Epidemiological
research has also directly linked chlorinated drinking water to cancer and possibly miscarriages.
The United
States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently enacted marginally stronger regulations to control disinfection by-products
that are scheduled to take effect in 2002. There will be new standards for trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids, which are
two groups of organochlorines that account for one-quarter to one-half the total organochlorine content of tap water. Regulators
use these two easily tested for groups as indicators of total organochlorine concentration. How safe the standards are is
unclear, but it is clear that the regulations reflect an accommodating view toward organochlorines.
Drinking
water chlorination is a difficult regulatory area because killing waterborne pathogens has huge public health benefits to
weigh against harms. But as with the thousands of other organochlorine chemicals released into the environment, from dioxins
and dry cleaning solvents to pesticides, however, industry officials and regulators operate with an innocent until proven
guilty prejudice. Even though virtually every organochlorine tested has been shown to have one or more toxic properties according
to the American Public Health Association, regulation procedes to various degrees with the requirement of proven harms before
substantial government action to reduce exposure. The problem is that harms from long-term and/or low level exposure to environmental
toxins such as disinfection by-products are very difficult or impossible to conclusively find when they exist.
II.
Making New Toxins: How Chlorination Creates Organochlorines
Like most drinking water in the U.S., Burlington's
water comes from a surface water source, that is, a lake or river. Vermont's Lake Champlain, like many lakes and rivers, is
rich in invisible organic matter produced by decaying leaves and algae. During disinfection chlorine randomly attaches to
this organic matter to form thousands of new chemicals called organochlorines. The organochlorine typically found at the highest
concentration is the carcinogen chloroform, which is a combination of chlorine and methane. Chloroform is one of several compounds
known as trihalomethanes that is formed by adding chlorine to methane.
Chloroform illustrates the salient feature
of chlorination or reacting chlorine with organic matter: the organochlorine is toxic. "Chlorination virtually always
increases toxicity," explains molecular biologist Joe Thornton author of the recently published book Pandora's Poison
on organochlorines in the environment. "Consider the trihalomethanes. Methane is not toxic or carcinogenic or mutagenic.
The trihalomethanes are."
For most life on the planet, including humans, organochlorines are new to the
environment. According to Thornton, some plants and animals, mostly algae and microorganisms, produce organochlorines. These
natural organochlorines generally serve as chemical deterrents to predators and parasites. They virtually always occur in
minute amounts and are always produced in tightly regulated processes to prevent toxic environmental effects. Only one naturally
occurring organochlorine is known to generally circulate in the biosphere. Our current continuous exposure to thousands of
organochlorines is radically unnatural. Free chlorine (as in chlorine gas or laundry bleach) and organochlorines have been
produced in massively increasing amounts only over the last 100 years. Though water disinfection accounts for only a few percent
of total global organochlorine production, the effect on human health is proportionately greater because exposure to chlorinated
drinking water is large and continuous. It is piped right into our homes.
III. The Search for Health Effects:
The Art of Risk Assessment
It hardly requires more than a few minutes of browsing EPA documents on disinfection
by-products to discover a great shortage of information on health effects. This lack of information would be astonishing to
anyone assuming standards for disinfection by-products were set at demonstrably safe levels. The EPA disinfection by-product
rule acknowledges that risk assessment "relies on inherently difficult and preliminary empirical analysis." Animal
studies are very incomplete. Not a single by-product chemical has been assessed for the range of possible effects, including
cancer, reproductive toxicity, neurological damage, and immune system disruption. The animal data available for a handful
of chemicals has uncertain relevance for humans. Lastly, the EPA notes that single chemical testing on animals is "insufficient"
to characterize the risks from exposure to a mix of thousands of organochlorines in chlorinated drinking water. There is evidence
that organochlorines can have synergistic effects in which a combination of chemicals is disproportionately more toxic in
a mixture.
Most research attention goes to the identified compounds that occur at relatively high concentrations,
like trihalomethanes or haloacetic acids, both of which are toxic in animals. Other hazardous organochlorines in drinking
water may be unknown or completely unstudied. One recently discovered compound called MX, which is present at only a fraction
(one-tenth of one percent) of the concentration of the trihalomethanes, is a potent carcinogen in rodents. Research suggests
that MX may be responsible for up to one-half of the mutagenic effects of chlorinated drinking water.
A growing
number of studies have linked chlorinated drinking water to cancer and reproductive harms in humans. The most respected cancer
study is a compilation of 10 separate epidemiological studies on chlorinated drinking water and cancer known at the Morris
study. It found disinfection by-products in chlorinated water to be responsible for 9% of all bladder cancers and 15% of rectal
cancers in the U.S. This translates into 10,000 additional deaths per year for just these two organs, a figure the Morris
researchers believe to be an under-estimate.
A 1998 California Department of Health Study found that pregnant
women with high exposure to chlorinated drinking water nearly doubled their risk of miscarriage, from a rate of 9.5% to 16%.
The at-risk group drank water with greater than 75 parts per billion trihalomethanes (which is in the range of Burlington's
water). A part per billion is a grain of salt in a swimming pool. Several other studies have found linkages to miscarriages
and also to neural tube birth defects. According to the EPA's Stig Regli at the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water,
the results of reproductive studies are less convincing than cancer studies. Results have been inconsistent and more studies
are needed. There is currently an attempt underway to replicate the California study.
While the EPA denies that
there is "conclusive" causation linking chlorinated drinking water and health effects, the point is not reassuring.
Strict conclusiveness in which a particular chemical is proved to cause a certain illness is difficult or impossible to achieve.
Organochlorines in the water are always present in a complex mixture, so no single chemical can be singled out as responsible
for a disease. While the California study linked trihalomethane levels to increased miscarriages, this wouldn't implicate
trihalomethanes specifically since the toxic effects may be from other disinfection by-products, or a combination of trihalomethanes
and other chemicals. In addition, long-term health effects may take decades or generations to show up. Health effects could
also be subtle (for instance, immune suppression, reduced fertility or neurological damage) that may be impossible to consistently
clinically identify. Finally, diseases induced by disinfection by-products may arise from other causes as well, so unless
the relative contribution of by-product chemicals is very large, it is impossible to detect with confidence. The effect of
all the factors (genetic, diet, exposure to other pollutants) in addition to the one under study, such as chlorinated drinking
water, tends to obscure causal relationships.
"Epidemiology is a very insensitive measure," according
to David Ozanoff, Chairman of the Department of Environmental Health at the Boston University of Public Health. Ozanoff is
a member of the EPA rule-making committee that produced the new disinfection by-product standards. The insensitivity of measures
to assess health impacts means that there uncertainty about actual risks says Ozanoff and that there is "lots of reason
to be concerned at levels around the current [2002] standard."
Joe Thornton sees the regulatory concern
with conclusive evidence as misplaced: "To require conclusive epidemiological evidence before we can judge health to
be at risk makes sense only if science can provide such evidence whenever damage is taking place." A lack of certainty
may reflect inherent limits of assessing health effects as much as whether or not there are health effects.
Another
member of the EPA rule-making committee, Erik Olson, of the Natural Resources Defense Council, acknowledges that there may
be problems with the current regulatory strategy: "In thirty years we may slap our heads and say we can't believe we
didn't do anything about this!" Olson argues that there is already adequate evidence for still lower standards based
on a "pretty strong linkage to cancer and a growing indication that there is a connection to birth defects and miscarriages."
According to Thornton, the history of public health standards for lead provides a classic example of over-confident
standard setting. In the 1920s toxicologists determined that 80 micrograms per deciliter of blood was a safe threshold for
lead contamination. This standard was based on the levels in men with severe lead poisoning. As late as 1968 leading toxicologists
stated that 80 micrograms was a safe level. But beginning in the 1970s, as more sophisticated research began to produce more
data showing harms, the threshold of safety began to fall. It declined to 60 in the 1970s, to 25 in the 1980s, and to 10 in
the 1990's. There is now research indicating that levels below 10 may impair cognitive development and that there may be no
safe level of lead in our bodies at all.
Ozanoff argues that there are reasons to think that there is also no
threshold of safety for disinfection by-products. He does think that that reducing levels will reduce harms, however, since
there is likely a linear relationship between exposure and disease–that is, there are higher and lower risks caused
by higher and lower exposure.
In addition, it is important to recognize that the EPA did not set the standard
for disinfection by-products in drinking water based only on their health effects. The standard was set based on a balance
of factors including health effects, but also including the economic cost to water utilities of reducing disinfection by-products
with advanced treatment technologies (potentially large) and the benefits of killing pathogens with chlorine (undeniably substantial).
Olson believes that the decision on standards was overly weighted in favor of chlorination benefits. "It
doesn't have to be a trade off between disinfection by-products and microbiological safety. It is no longer accurate to say
that decreasing disinfection by-products increases microbiological health risks." He points to new treatment technologies,
such as microfiltration and carbon filters to remove organic compounds before disinfection (thus leaving chlorine with less
to react with to form organochlorines) and alternative disinfection technologies to kill pathogens like UV light and ozone.
He expects that the costs of advanced treatment technologies will drop substantially and that water systems will become more
sophisticated in various other operational strategies to reduce disinfection by-products.
IV. Assessing
Your Water and Treatment Alternatives
According to the EPA, most exposure (80%) to disinfection by-products occurs
through drinking the water (including its use with coffee, tea, juice concentrates, and soups). But people are also exposed
through a variety of other activities since disinfection by-products enter the body through inhalation and skin absorption.
Additional exposure occurs through bathing and showering, humidifiers, cooking, washing dishes, dishwashers, and swimming
in chlorinated pools. Researchers have found greatly elevated levels of the disinfection by-product chloroform in swimmers'
blood after leaving the pool.
An effective kitchen sink activated carbon filter, costing between $200 and $300,
can remove organochlorines from drinking and cooking water, but other exposures remain. For this reason, it makes a lot of
sense not to create organochlorines at the water treatment plant to begin with.
Disinfection by-products in chlorinated
water coming from nutrient-rich surface water sources such as Lake Champlain are often relatively high since the source water
contains a large amount of organic matter. Over the past three years, annual average disinfection by-products levels in Burlington,
for instance, were as high as 70 parts per billion (ppb) trihalomethanes and 61 ppb haloacetic acids. The EPA's new standards
for trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids are 80 ppb and 60 ppb, respectively.]
For comparison EPA figures show
that most public water systems in the U.S. have lower levels. Surface water systems have median concentrations of 40 ppb for
trihalomethanes and 25 ppb for haloacetic acids. For ground water systems, the median values are 10 ppb for trihalomethanes
and 5 ppb for haloacetic acids. People drinking non-chlorinated water from a household well or spring would have no trihalomethanes
or haloacetic acids in their water.
To obtain the concentration of organochlorines or disinfection by-products
in your city's water, contact your local water utility. Test results for many larger cities are available from the EPA at
http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/icr/icr_query.html.
One of Burlington's water utilities, the Champlain Water District (CWD), provides some examples of steps that
can be taken to reduce disinfection by-product levels. CWD has implemented non-chlorine control methods for zebra mussels
on intake pipes and reduced the time treated water (continually forming disinfection by-products while waiting to be used)
sits in storage tanks before going to the tap. Along with better management of chlorine disinfection at the plant, these steps
have steadily reduced by-product levels (both averages and peaks) over the past three years.
One aspect of reducing
by-product levels is also reducing seasonal variation. Warm weather levels may be as much as 50% higher. Some possible health
risks identified by the EPA such as miscarriages and birth defects may be influenced by seasonal variation occurring during
key periods of fetal development during pregnancy.
CWD has also researched switching to ozone for disinfection
and is embarking on the development of a 10-year master plan that may include other alternative treatment options such as
UV disinfection. CWD treatment practices to date, however, do not include treatment technologies such as microfiltration and
carbon filters (for removing organic matter), or disinfectants like UV and ozone that may deliver large disinfection by-product
reductions. Twenty large water systems in the U.S. use ozone for disinfection instead of chlorine, but UV and advanced filtration
technologies are not commonly used by public water systems.
Many public health officials and water system operators
in the U.S. are opposed to no chlorine at all, especially in the distribution system where there is risk of accidental re-contamination.
But if small amounts of chlorine were added just to prevent pathogen growth in distribution systems following improved filtration
and non-chlorine disinfection, this could contribute to less use of chlorine and a large reduction of organochlorines in our
water.
Dr. Charles Gordon Heyd - "I am appalled at the prospect of using water as a vehicle for drugs. Fluoride is a
corrosive poison that will produce serious effects on a long range basis. Any attempt to use water this way is deplorable."
Dr. Charles Gordon Heyd is the former president of the American Medical Association
Fluoride and fluoridation
will go down as one of the greatest controversies of the 20th century. Up until the early 1940's, fluorine's effect on life
was always deemed poisonous. It was proven to be altering enzymes used by living organisms to carry out a multitude of essential
processes. Fluorine, the most reactive element on the planet, is also the strongest free radical. Scientists in the 1930's
and 1940's experimented with this element to create the most deadly nerve gasses, rocket fuel, and radioactive U235 for the
bomb. As a wood preservative, rodentcide and insecticide, fluorine compounds are second to none. As an Orthodontist, I began
investigating the increasingly prevalent lines and spots that I saw on the enamel of children. Like rings on a tree, they
indicate excessive fluorine exposure. I started to ask the question, "How does fluorine cause these marks?" Chronic
doses of fluoride, like arsenic and lead, accumulate in our bodies causing a blockage in the way cells breathe and leads to
the malformation of collagen. Cancer, diabetes, thyroid and neurological disorders, hormonal imbalances, heart disease, arthritis
and osteoporosis have all been linked to chronic fluoride ingestion. We are now exposed to increasing doses of fluoride from
toothpaste, rinses, water, food, medicines, showering, bathing, and even the air that we breathe. Our environment has become
a literal fluoride dumping ground. This book explores many chronic diseases that plague man today and looks at the scientists
that connected these diseases to chronic exposures of fluoride.Read
In The Fluoride Deception video, Christopher Bryson, an award-winning journalist and former producer at the BBC, discusses
the findings of his new book The Flouride Deception. "Bryson marshals an impressive amount of research to demonstrate
fluoride's harmfulness, the ties between leading fluoride researchers and the corporations who funded and benefited from their
research, and what he says is the duplicity with which fluoridation was sold to the people. The result is a compelling challenge
to the reigning dental orthodoxy, which should provoke.Read
Fluoridation of water has been used for the prevention of tooth decay for over fifty years. During this time little research
has been done to ascertain whether it works. The chemicals used are classified as toxic industrial waste, yet no study has
ever been conducted into their safety for human consumption. At the same time, research has uncovered serious side effects
including deaths, cancer, skeletal fluorosis, osteoporosis, dementia, lowered IQ, kidney damage and even increased dental
decay. Strongly opposed throughout the world, water fluoridation is far less widely accepted than its proponents would have
us believe. Only two percent of the people of Western Europe have their water fluoridated - almost all of them within Britain
and Ireland. Despite all this, the dental organizations lobby governments to compel everyone to ingest fluoride, whether they
want it or not and without regard to possible harm. The vast majority of dentists maintain that fluoride is not debatable.
However Barry Groves has assembled evidence to refute every single argument made by the dental establishment in favour of
fluoridation. His book is particularly timely as the issue of fluoridation enters the political area once again in both Britain
and Ireland. The debate will be vigorous and this book will be at its centre. Read
Fluoride, Thyroid Disease and Iodine Deficiency Because of the impact
of water fluoridation, increased exposure to heavy metal contamination, herbicides, pesticides and radioactive pollution,
as well as low levels of selenium in soil where crops are grown, the need for iodine in the daily diet is crucial. Two billion individuals worldwide have insufficient iodine intake, with those in south Asia
and sub-Saharan Africa particularly affected. Iodine deficiency has many adverse effects on growth and development.
These effects are due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone and are termed iodine-deficiency disorders.
Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide. There is clear evidence that small
amounts of fluoride, at or near levels added to U.S. water supplies, present potential risks to the thyroid gland,
according to the National Research Council’s (NRC) first-ever published review of the fluoride/thyroid literature.
Fluoride, in the form of silicofluorides, injected into 2/3 of U.S. public water supplies, ostensibly to reduce tooth decay,
was never safety-tested.Read
John Yiamouylannis is a world-leading authority on the biological effects
of fluoride, which include mottling of teeth, premature aging, spontaneous abortion, brittle bones and cancer. Learn how fluoride
acts as a chronic poison and how to avoid exposure. The author provides a scathing indictment of corporate and government
responsibility in promoting the fable of fluoride as a necessary and safe product for human consumption. Fluoride's
positive image in the United States may rest in part on the whitewashing of unwelcome research findings and the firing of
scientists who dared question fluoride's benefits. Dr. William Marcus, formerly the chief toxicologist for the EPA's Office
of Drinking Water, lost his job in 1991 after he insisted on an unbiased evaluation of fluoride's potential to cause cancer.
Marcus fought his dismissal in court, proved that it was politically motivated and eventually won reinstatement. Marcus now
declines comment on the episode beyond saying, "I was right about fluoride's carcinogenicity, and now we know that."
An investigation by the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee in 1991 supported Marcus' charges, documenting that
government scientists had been coerced to change their findings and portray fluoride more favorably. Excerpt
from saloDr Robert Verkerk - “Fluorides are extremely reactive molecules which have been
shown to cause considerable harm in biological systems. They continue to be used by health authorities for a specific medicinal
purpose, namely the treatment and prevention of dental caries, yet they have never been subjected to the full risk/benefit
analysis which is required in order to bring other drugs to the market. Drinking water medicated with fluoride clearly amounts
to government-sponsored use of an unlicenced drug. It is staggering that international bodies such as the United Nations’
Codex Alimentarius Commission could have overruled the substantial scientific concerns about fluoride in infant formula raised
by several countries in November’s Codex meeting in Chiang Mai, Thailand and that babies, the most vulnerable members
of our society, are made the innocent victims” Dr Robert Verkerk, Executive
Director of the Alliance for Natural Health. August 2002 - Belgium becomes the first country in the world to prohibit fluoride supplementsFluoride tablets, fluoride drops and fluoride chewing gum, for decades promoted as the crown jewels of dentistry, are going
to be taken off the market because they are poisonous and pose a great risk for physical and psychological health. This has
been decided by the Federal Minister of Public Health. November 2005 - Most of Western
Europe has now abandoned fluoridation of water due to a lack of evidence as to its effectiveness and concerns about major
side-effects. 98% of Europe is now free of fluoridated water.Read
The worldwide accumulation of chlorinated organic substances, known as organochlorines, are linked to cancer,
immune suppression, infertility, and developmental disorders in humans and severe reproductive, developmental, and immunological
impairment in wildlife. Organochlorines originate from the production, use, and disposal of chlorine compounds in chemicals,
plastics, paper, metallurgy, water treatment, and other industries. Thornton, a biologist and research fellow at Columbia
University's Center for Environmental Research and Conservation and a former research coordinator for Greenpeace, describes
the global health hazards posed by organochlorines, the causes and dangers of worldwide organochlorine contamination, and
some scientific, political, and societal solutions to implement before it is too late. He presents a "risk paradigm"
claiming that current strategies for managing, investigating, and disposing of organochlorines have failed. Thornton offers
a safer and environmentally sound alternative based upon the principle of "clean production" using chlorine-free
technologies. An eye-opener; recommended for all collections.-Irwin Weintraub, Brooklyn Coll. Lib., NY .Copyright
2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.Read
Unfortunately, we live in a world full of toxins. From the air we breath, to the water we drink, to the food we eat, we
are inundated with toxins that have no business being in our bodies. On hot summer days we hear newscasters warning us about
smog advisories. When we look at the nutritional label on the food in our cabinets we see ingredients that we can't pronounce;
and when we turn on our faucets, the water barely tastes like water anymore. Everyday our bodies suffer a constant bombardment
of toxins, but with the Essential Cleansing for Perfect Health program, we have the choice to fight back.Read
The Effects Of Fluoride On The Thyroid Gland By Dr Barry Durrant-Peatfield MBBS LRCP
MRCS Medical Advisor to Thyroid UK 9-9-4
There is a daunting amount of research studies showing
that the widely acclaimed benefits on fluoride dental health are more imagined than real. My main concern however, is the
effect of sustained fluoride intake on general health. Again, there is a huge body of research literature on this subject,
freely available and in the public domain.
But this body of work was not considered by the York Review
when their remit was changed from "Studies of the effects of fluoride on health" to "Studies on the effects
of fluoridated water on health." It is clearly evident that it was not considered by the BMA (Britsh Medical Association),
British Dental Association (BDA), BFS (British Fluoridation Society) and FPHM, (Faculty for Public Health and Medicine) since
they all insist, as in the briefing paper to Members of Parliament - that fluoridation is safe and non-injurious to health.
This is a public disgrace, I will now show by reviewing the damaging effects of fluoridation, with special
reference to thyroid illness.
It has been known since the latter part of the 19th century that certain
communities, notably in Argentina, India and Turkey were chronically ill, with premature ageing, arthritis, mental retardation,
and infertility; and high levels of natural fluorides in the water were responsible. Not only was it clear that the fluoride
was having a general effect on the health of the community, but in the early 1920s Goldemberg, working in Argentina showed
that fluoride was displacing iodine; thus compounding the damage and rendering the community also hypothyroid from iodine
deficiency.
Highly damaging to the thyroid gland
This was the basis of the research
in the 1930s of May, Litzka, Gorlitzer von Mundy, who used fluoride preparations to treat over-active thyroid illness. Their
patients either drank fluoridated water, swallowed fluoride pills or were bathed in fluoridated bath water; and their thyroid
function was as a result, greatly depressed. The use in 1937 of fluorotyrosine for this purpose showed how effective this
treatment was; but the effectiveness was difficult to predict and many patients suffered total thyroid loss. So it was given
a new role and received a new name, Pardinon. It was marketed not for over-active thyroid disease but as a pesticide. (Note
the manufacturer of fluorotyrosine was IG Farben who also made sarin, a gas used in World War II).
This bit of history illustrates the fact that fluorides are dangerous in general and in particular highly damaging to
the thyroid gland, a matter to which I shall return shortly. While it is unlikely that it will be disputed that fluorides
are toxic - let us be reminded that they are Schedule 2 Poisons under the Poisons Act 1972, the matter in dispute is the level
of toxicity attributable to given amounts; in today's context the degree of damage caused by given concentrations in the water
supply. While admitting its toxicity, proponents rely on the fact that it is diluted and therefore, it is claimed, unlikely
to have deleterious effects.
They could not be more mistaken
It seems to me that we
must be aware of how fluoride does its damage. It is an enzyme poison. Enzymes are complex protein compounds that vastly speed
up biological chemical reactions while themselves remaining unchanged. As we speak, there occurs in all of us a vast multitude
of these reactions to maintain life and produce the energy to sustain it. The chains of amino acids that make up these complex
proteins are linked by simple compounds called amides; and it is with these that fluorine molecules react, splitting and distorting
them, thus damaging the enzymes and their activity. Let it be said at once, this effect can occur at extraordinary low concentrations;
even lower than the one part per million which is the dilution proposed for fluoridation in our water supply.
The body can only eliminate half
Moreover, fluorides are cumulative and build up steadily with ingestion
of fluoride from all sources, which include not just water but the air we breathe and the food we eat. The use of fluoride
toothpaste in dental hygiene and the coating of teeth are further sources of substantial levels of fluoride intake. The body
can only eliminate half of the total intake, which means that the older you are the more fluoride will have accumulated in
your body. Inevitably this means the ageing population is particularly targeted. And even worse for the very young there is
a major element of risk in baby formula made with fluoridated water. The extreme sensitivity of the very young to fluoride
toxicity makes this unacceptable. Since there are so many sources of fluoride in our everyday living, it will prove impossible
to maintain an average level of 1ppm as is suggested.
What is the result of these toxic effects?
First the immune system. The distortion of protein structure causes the immune proteins to fail to recognise body proteins,
and so instigate an attack on them, which is Autoimmune Disease. Autoimmune diseases constitute a body of disease processes
troubling many thousands of people: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosis, Asthma and Systemic Sclerosis are
examples; but in my particular context today, thyroid antibodies will be produced which will cause Thyroiditis resulting in
the common hypothyroid disease, Hashimoto's Disease and the hyperthyroidism of Graves' Disease.
Musculo
Skeletal damage results further from the enzyme toxic effect; the collagen tissue of which muscles, tendons, ligaments and
bones are made, is damaged. Rheumatoid illness, osteoporosis and deformation of bones inevitably follow. This toxic effect
extends to the ameloblasts making tooth enamel, which is consequently weakened and then made brittle; and its visible appearance
is, of course, dental fluorosis.
The enzyme poison effect extends to our genes; DNA cannot repair itself,
and chromosomes are damaged. Work at the University of Missouri showed genital damage, targeting ovaries and testes. Also
affected is inter uterine growth and development of the foetus, especially the nervous system. Increased incidence of Down's
Syndrome has been documented. Fluorides are mutagenic. That is, they can cause the uncontrolled proliferation of cells
we call cancer. This applies to cancer anywhere in the body; but bones are particularly picked out. The incidence of osteosarcoma
in a study reporting in 1991 showed an unbelievable 50% increase. A report in 1955 in the New England Journal of Medicine
showed a 400% increase in cancer of the thyroid in San Francisco during the period their water was fluoridated.
My particular concern is the effect of fluorides on the thyroid gland
Perhaps I may remind you about
thyroid disease. The thyroid gland produces hormones which control our metabolism - the rate at which we burn our fuel. Deficiency
is relatively common, much more than is generally accepted by many medical authorities: a figure of 1:4 or 1:3 by mid life
is more likely. The illness is insidious in its onset and progression. People become tired, cold, overweight, depressed, constipated;
they suffer arthritis, hair loss, infertility, atherosclerosis and chronic illness. Sadly, it is poorly diagnosed and poorly
managed by very many doctors in this country. What concerns me so deeply is that in concentrations as low as 1ppm, fluorides
damage the thyroid system on 4 levels.
1. The enzyme manufacture of thyroid hormones within the thyroid
gland itself. The process by which iodine is attached to the amino acid tyrosine and converted to the two significant thyroid
hormones, thyroxine (T4) and liothyronine (T3), is slowed.
2. The stimulation of certain G proteins from
the toxic effect of fluoride (whose function is to govern uptake of substances into each of the cells of the body), has the
effect of switching off the uptake into the cell of the active thyroid hormone.
3. The thyroid control
mechanism is compromised. The thyroid stimulating hormone output from the pituitary gland is inhibited by fluoride, thus reducing
thyroid output of thyroid hormones.
4. Fluoride competes for the receptor sites on the thyroid gland which
respond to the thyroid stimulating hormone; so that less of this hormone reaches the thyroid gland and so less thyroid hormone
is manufactured. These damaging effects, all of which occur with small concentrations of fluoride, have obvious and
easily identifiable effects on thyroid status. The running down of thyroid hormone means a slow slide into hypothyroidism.
Already the incidence of hypothyroidism is increasing as a result of other environmental toxins and pollutions together with
wide spread nutritional deficiencies.
141 million Europeans are at risk
One further
factor should give us deep anxiety. Professor Hume of Dundee, in his paper given earlier this year to the Novartis Foundation,
pointed out that iodine deficiency is growing worldwide. There are 141 million Europeans are at risk; only 5 European countries
are iodine sufficient. UK now falls into the marginal and focal category. Professor Hume recently produced figures to show
that 40% of pregnant women in the Tayside region of Scotland were deficient by at least half of the iodine required for a
normal pregnancy. A relatively high level of missing, decayed, filled teeth was noted in this non-fluoridated area, suggesting
that the iodine deficiency was causing early hypothyroidism which interferes with the health of teeth. Dare one speculate
on the result of now fluoridating the water?
Displaces iodine in the body
These figures
would be worrying enough, since they mean that iodine deficiency, which results in hypothyroidism (thyroid hormone cannot
be manufactured without iodine) is likely to affect huge numbers of people. What makes it infinitely worse, is that fluorine,
being a halogen (chemically related to iodine), but very much more active, displaces iodine. So that the uptake of iodine
is compromised by the ejection, as it were, of the iodine by fluorine. To condemn the entire population, already having marginal
levels of iodine, to inevitable progressive failure of their thyroid system by fluoridating the water, borders on criminal
lunacy. I would like to place a scenario in front of those colleagues who favour fluoridation. A new pill is marketed.
Some trials not all together satisfactory, nevertheless, show a striking improvement in dental caries. Unfortunately, it has
been found to be thyrotoxic, mutagenic, immunosuppressive, cause arthritis and infertility in comparatively small doses over
a relatively short period of time.
Do you think it should be marketed? Fluoridation of the nation's
water supply will do little for our dental health; but will have catastrophic effects on our general health. We cannot, must
not, dare not, subject our nation to this appalling risk.
References: L Goldemberg - La Semana
Med 28:628 (1921) - cited in Wilson RH, DeEds F -"The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity" Endocrinology
26:851 (1940).
G Litzka - "Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus Basedow und der
Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin" Med Wochenschr 63:1037-1040 (1937) (discusses the basis of the use of fluorides
in anti-thyroid medication, documents activity on liver, inhibition of glycolysis, etc.).
W May - "Behandlung
der Hypothyreosen einschlieblich des schweren genuinen Morbus Basedow mit Fluor" Klin Wochenschr 16: 562 - 564 (1937).
Sarin: (GB: isopropyl methylphosono-fluoridate) is a colorless, odorless volatile liquid, soluble in water,
first synthesized at IG Farben in 1938. It kills mainly through inhalation.
Sarin: (GB: CH3-P(=O)(-F)(-OCH(CH3)2) Source: A FOA Briefing Book on Chemical Weapons http://www.opcw.org/resp/html/nerve.html Gerhard Schrader, a chemist at IG Farben, was given the task of developing a pesticide. Two years later a phosphorus compound
with extremely high toxicity was produced for the first time. IG Farben: "...the board of American IG Farben had
three directors from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the most influential of the various Federal Reserve Banks. American
IG Farben. also had interlocks with Standard Oil of New Jersey, Ford Motor Company, Bank of Manhattan (later to become the
Chase Manhattan Bank), and AEG. (German General Electric) Source: Moody's Manual of Investments; 1930, page 2149."
At a later date, Namaste will be publishing a more in-depth article outlining the devastating affects
that fluoride, aspartame and MSG have on the endocrine system. Dr Durrant-Peatfield wiill be answering frequently asked
questions on thyroid illness in Namaste's next issue. Send your questions to us preferably by email to: info@namastepublishing.co.uk
Links to Learning
Disabilities Attention Deficit and Behavior Disorders
SOURCE: Neurotoxicology
and Teratology, 17(2), 1995
INTRODUCTION
Sodium Fluoride is
currently added to the majority of municipal water systems in the U.S. to prevent cavities in children. Its use has risen
rapidly since the 1950’s. Sodium Fluoride is also registered with the EPA as a rat poison, although advocates say its
use in low levels in water poses no adverse health concerns. There has been considerable research done on fluoride regarding
cancer, birth defects, and risks to the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems, however, very little has been
done on its neurological effects.
First
Study to Find Neurological Deficits After Fluoride Exposure
Chinese investigations have shown levels of fluoride in drinking water at levels of 3-11 ppm affect the nervous system
without first causing physical malformations. Another Chinese study found Attention Deficit Disorders in adult humans if sublingual
drops containing 100 ppm of sodium fluoride were administered. Sources of fluoride exposure include processed beverages, toothpastes,
mouth rinses, dietary supplements and food. This is an exposure level potentially relevant to humans because toothpastes contain
1000 to 1500 ppm fluoride and mouthrinses contain 230-900 ppm fluoride.
In
the 1995 article appearing in the journal Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Dr. Phyllis J Mullenix states,
"Still unexplored, however, is the possibility that fluoride exposure
is linked with subtle brain dysfunction. This is the first study to demonstrate that central nervous system output is vulnerable
to fluoride, that the effects on behavior depend on the age at exposure and that fluoride accumulates in brain tissues.Of course behaviors per se do not extrapolate, but a generic behavioral pattern disruption as found in this rat study
can be indicative of potential for motor dysfunction, IQ deficits and/or learning disabilities in humans. Substances that
accumulate in brain tissue potentiate concerns about neurotoxic risk."
Dr. Phyllis J. Mullenix Toxicology Department, Forsyth Research Institute, Boston, MA JOURNAL TITLE: Neurotoxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Rats
Serious Health Conditions Caused by Fluoride (Flouride) Osteoporosis and Arthritis: Scientists
at EPA in Washington have declared that there is every reason to believe that the increasing numbers of people with carpal-tunnel
syndrome and arthritis-like pains are due to the mass fluoridation of drinking water. On July 9, 1998 the Manchester Guardian
reported news of fluoride poisoned water in Central India, from untested wells drilled in the 1980s, causing severe arthritic
damage to tens of millions of people -- a national disaster. Fluoride is the most bone seeking element known to mankind. The
US Public Health Service has stated that fluoride makes the bones more brittle and dental enamel more porous. Hip fractures:
Drinking fluoridated water will double the number of hip fractures for both older men and women. Extremely low levels of water
fluoridation 0.1 ppm still produced statistically significant increased hip fractures. (Bordeaux Study JAMA 1994). According
to Dr. J. William Hirzy (vice-president of the NFFE LOCAL 2050, the union representing all scientists at the EPA, Washington,
D.C.) there have been 5 epidemiological studies done since 1990, in three different countries, all showing a higher increase
in hip fractures in fluoridated communities. Some studies have indicated a 87% higher risk of hip fractures to the elderly
in areas where water fluoridation was even below 1.5 ppm.
Cancer: Fluoride was found
to be an equivocal carcinogen by the National Cancer Institute Toxicological Program. Further studies by the New Jersey Department
of Health have now confirmed a 6.9 fold increase in bone cancer in young males. Earlier studies had found a 5% increase in
all types of cancers in fluoridated communities. In 1981, Dean Burk, for many decades Chief Chemist at the US National Cancer
Institute, testified at congressional hearings, reporting that at least 40,000 cancer deaths in 1981 were attributable to
fluoride. 40,000 cases that could have been prevented simply by NOT putting industry waste into the public water supply. Burk
stated that fluoride causes more cancer, and causes it faster, than any other chemical.
Thyroid
disorder Fluoride, Thyroid Disease and Iodine Deficiency
Infertility: Infertilityin women was found to
increase with water fluoridation. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scientists reported a close correlation between decreasing
total fertility rates in women between ages of 10 and 49, and increasing fluoride levels. They also reported that a review
of all of the animal studies done to date shows that fluoride adversely affects fertility in most animal species.
Alzheimer
Disease There are also several studies linking aluminum with fluoride, showing that the bioavailability of aluminum is increased
in the presence of fluorides, causing aluminum in the brain to double in treated animals. According to an October 28, 1992
Wall Street Journal Article about a study conducted by Varnier JA, et al.: "Rats fed the highest doses developed irregular
mincing steps characteristic of senile animals.... Post mortem examination of the rat brains disclosed 'substantial cell loss
in structures associated with dementia -- the neo-cortex and hippocampus'." (Note: Alzheimer's Disease, first diagnosed
by Dr. Alois Alzheimer in 1907, is now the #4 killer for every person over 60 in the US. Every 2nd person over 70 will develop
Alzheimer's.) Environmental fluoride is implicated in this. more on Alzheimer disease and natural recovery
Brain damage:
Fluorides lower the intelligence capacity of humans, with children, again, especially susceptible to early fluoride toxicity.
IQ levels were significantly lower than children not exposed to fluorides in all age groups listed. (Li,X.S.,Zhi,J.L.,Gao,R.O.,"Effects
of Fluoride Exposure on the Intelligence of Children", Fluoride;28:182-189, 1995) Further studies proving the neurotoxicity
of fluoride in rats have also been conducted by Dr. Phyllis Mullinex. In 1995 Mullenix and co-workers showed that rats given
fluoride in drinking water at levels that give rise to plasma levels fluoride concentrations in humans, suffer neurotoxic
effects that vary according to when the rats were given the fluoiride - as adult animals, as young animals, or thorugh the
placenta before birth. Those exposed before birth were born hyperactive and remained so throughout their lives. Thoses exposed
as young animals displayed depressed activity. In 1998 Guan et al. gave similar doses as used by the Mullenix group and found
that several key chemicals in the brain - those that form the membrane of brain cells, were substantially depleted in rats
given fluoride, as compared to those who did not receive fluoride. Partly based on these findings, the union representing
all EPA scientists in Washington have now filed a grievance demanding fluoride-free bottled water for their offices. (Note:
this also explains a recent University of South Florida study relating fluoride intake during pregnancy to the yearly 1% increase
in learning disabilities found in children...) Studies proving that fluorides transfer through the placenta are well known.
(Meanwhile, Dr.Weil, Internet's Health Guru, advocates fluoride supplements for pregnant woman in his book "8 Weeks To
Optimum Health"...)
According
to Shé D'Montford, Shambhallah, from Australia ‘The human body "WILL HEAL"... If we get out of our
own way and allow it, it heals itself. It is our basic nature. Anybody who tells you other than that is trying to sell you
something. No matter what you have been told. Don't give up on yourself and don't buy into the lines like ... ‘oh well
you've had a good life'... 'at your age'... and the worst of all ...'there's nothing further I can do, I suggest you finalize
your affairs'... How dare anyone tell you to give up! So much in society combines to convince us of the propaganda that some
things never get better. It's up to you ... do you want to get better? Make things better? It is human nature to make things
better, evolve and grow.”
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